题目：Herbivores shape woody plant communities in the Kruger National Park: Lessons from three long-term exclosures 植食动物塑造了Kruger国家公园的木本植物群落：我们从三个长期围栏实验中学到了什么
摘要
The role of grazers in determining vegetation community compositions and structuring plant communities is well recognised in grassy systems. 在草原生态系统中，grazer在决定植被和植物群落的组成上都有被认可的角色。 The role of browsers in affecting savanna woody plant communities is less clear. 然而，browser在影响萨王纳木本植物群落的角色没有那么明晰。（grazer对草本，browser对木本） We used three long-term exclosures in the Kruger National Park to determine the effect of browsers on species compositions and population structures of woody communities. 我们用Kruger国家公园的三个长期围栏来帮助我们决定browser对木本植物群落的物种组成和居群结构（population structures，字面意思，但我觉得他这里怎么可能研究居群结构呢，又没测序，其实他说的是物种的abundance，但其实species composition已经包含abundance了，如果非要区分开，文章后面说的species diversity and abundance更为准确）。 Species assemblages, plant traits relating to browsing and soil nutrients were compared inside and outside of the exclosures. 收集的数据包括围栏里外的：1. 木本植物群落组成 2. 与browsing相关的植物特征（有意思，怎么确定的，intro里面有一段专门讲了，This article aims to determine how browsers and plant…） 3. 土壤营养。
Our results showed that browsers directly impact plant species distributions, densities and population structures by actively selecting for species with traits which make them desirable to browsers. 结果表明，browsers通过选择具有自己喜欢的特征的植物，对植物物种的分布、密度还有种群结构都有着直接影响。 Species with high leaf nitrogen, low total phenolic content and low acid detergent lignin appeared to be favoured by herbivores and therefore tend to be rare outside of the exclosures. 叶片含氮量高、含总酚低以及耐酸木质素低的物种为植食动物所喜欢，所以在围栏之外很少（都被吃了）。 This study also suggested that browsers have important indirect effects on savanna functioning, as the reduction of woody cover can result in less litter of lower quality, which in turn can result in lower soil fertility. 这个实验还表明了browser对萨王纳的功能的间接影响。browser降低了木本植物的盖度，从而减少了凋落物的数量、降低了凋落物的质量，从而导致土壤肥力的下降。
However, the magnitude of browser effects appeared to depend on inherent soil fertility and climate. 然而，browser的这些影响的大小，是与土壤本来是否肥沃以及气候有关的。
Conservation implications: Browsers were shown to have significant impacts on plant communities. They have noticeable effects on local species diversity and population structure, as well as soil nutrients. These impacts are shown to be related to the underlying geology and climate. The effects of browsers on woody communities were shown to be greater in low rainfall, fertile areas compared to high rainfall, infertile soils.
对保育工作的启示：browsers对植物群落有很大的影响（not surprised). 它们不但对植物有影响（前面说的那些），还能间接影响到土壤，而且这些影响与各地的地质条件和气候环境相关，准确的说是在干旱肥沃的地区影响更加显著。 确实是有实际指导意义的。